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                                    To understand fluting/medium and testliner, you need to know their roles in corrugated cardboard, which is a common material used for packaging. These two components work together to form the structure of corrugated board, contributing to its strength, cushioning, and protection. Here%u2019s a breakdown of the key concepts:FLUTING / MEDIUM AND TESTLINER1. What is Corrugated Board?Corrugated board (often called corrugated cardboard) is a multi-layered material made by combining fluted paper with one or more.The Structure:%u2022 Testliner: Flat layers on the outside and inside of the board.%u2022 Fluting/Medium: The wavy, corrugated layer between the flat testliner layers, providing strength and cushioning.2. Fluting / MediumFluting / Medium is the inner, wavy layer of the corrugated board. It provides rigidity and shock absorption, contributing to the board%u2019s strength and durability.Purpose of Fluting / Medium:%u2022 Acts as a cushion to protect the contents from damage.%u2022 Increases the board%u2019s stacking strength, so boxes don%u2019t easily crush under weight.Types of Fluting / Medium (Flute Profiles): Fluting comes in different sizes, each with specific properties.:%u2022 A-Flute: About 5 mm thick; provides the best cushioning and is often used for fragile items.%u2022 B-Flute: About 3 mm thick; offers better puncture resistance and is commonly used for retail packaging.%u2022 C-Flute: About 4 mm thick; the most common and versatile, balancing cushioning and strength.%u2022 E-Flute: About 1.5 mm thick; used for lightweight packaging, providing good crush resistance with a smoother  surface for printing.%u2022 F-Flute: About 1 mm thick; very thin, ideal for small packaging that needs to be compact but strong.Choice of Fluting / Medium:%u2022 Larger flute profiles (like A and C) offer more cushioning and are good for stacking.%u2022 Smaller flute profiles (like E and F) provide a smoother surface for printing and are more compact.3. TestlinerTestliner is the flat paper on the outer and inner surfaces of the corrugated board. It serves to protect the fluting and provides a surface for printing.Material:%u2022 Usually made from recycled paper, but sometimes it includes virgin fibres for added strength.%u2022 It can be brown testliner (standard brown recycled paper) or white top testliner (which has a white surface for improved aesthetics and printing).Function of Testliner:%u2022 Protection: Shields the fluting from external damage and moisture.%u2022 Strength: Works with the fluting to give the corrugated board its overall strength.%u2022 Appearance: Provides a smooth, printable surface for branding or labelling.37
                                
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